This paper will review the evolution of
integrated and 3D approaches and seek to highlight the different responses
to such approaches shown by classic humanitarian organizations and multi-mandate
development organizations. By providing an overview of past forcible humanitarian
interventions and with a particular focus on Afghanistan, we will trace
the practical and ethical challenges faced by aid agencies attempting to
maintain programming in such contexts.
In so doing it will be suggested that
the 3D approach emphasizing coherence between different instruments, while
motivated by good intentions, has resulted in humanitarian and development
aid programming becoming subordinated to political interests in counterproductive
ways. In fact, in Afghanistan the co-optation of soft power for political
and military ends has led to reduced humanitarian assistance for populations
in danger and to increased insecurity for humanitarians trying to assist
them - thereby effectively exposing clear limits to the deeper integration
strategies currently being promoted for stabilizing failed states.
Source: Peacebuilding Development and Security Program, University of Calgary
Country: Afghanistan, World